Montgomery Primary School Exeter
Email montgomeryadmin@ecfschools.org.uk  Telephone 01392 285240

Montgomery Primary School History

A Zero Carbon, Passivhaus school

Montgomery Primary School is the first Zero Carbon Passivhaus School in Europe. It produces all its energy needs from an extensive photovoltaic cell array on the roof. 

The £9.2 million cost was funded by the Primary Capital Programme, a grant from the Zero Carbon Task Force and Devon County Council.

The work took 17 months and was completed in Spring 2012.

The school has no need for central heating. The construction of the concrete building with its high insulation, air tightness and triple glazing, together with mechanical ventilation and heat recovery, mean the warmth from the occupants’ bodies warm the classrooms. In addition, the south facing offices and smaller rooms benefit from solar gained heat, all year round.

To ensure maximum wall exposure allows ambient heat to be absorbed into the thermal mass of the building, the internal environment looks quite different to other primary schools,; visitors regularly note the concrete floors, and low numbers of display boards.


The original Montgomery Primary School was built in the early 1930s to accommodate 576 mixed infants and junior girls. The school was named in memory of Jesse Anne Douglas Montgomery, who had died in 1918. Jesse Montgomery was a well-known education reformer in Exeter who worked to widen opportunities for study in the city. She believed that schools should be available to all children and not only those from privileged backgrounds.  The foundation stone for the original school was laid in October 1929 and is dated 1930. Alderman John Stocker was given the honour of laying this stone.

The school became a primary school, for both boys and girls up to age 11 and then in 1974 was reorganised into a combined school with the addition of a new block to accommodate 12 year olds. A toilet block was developed into a nursery in the early 2000s the school accommodated 620 children between the ages of 3 and 12.


In 2005 the school was reorganised back into a 420- place primary school with a 52-place nursery.

The original building was no longer viable due to the huge quantity of work needed to maintain it and the expensive heating costs. It is fitting that the old building, designed at a time of limitless coal, should give way to a new school and grounds created to fit the needs of the coming era of renewable energy and climate uncertainty.


The new building is as a ‘Zero Carbon’ school.  By December 2018 58 cubic tonnes of carbon emissions have been reduced by the building. This is a significant contribution to the national targets. The south facing roof is covered with a large number of Photovoltaic panels, which generate electricity. The electricity produced is used to meet all the school’s power needs. Surplus energy is generated daily. A larger plant room is required to harvest the heat from the air and to export the electricity made to the National Grid.  The money made from the sale of the generated electricity, provides substantial income. This covers the servicing and maintenance costs as well as the long-term photovoltaic panel replacement.

To reduce the need to use excessive energy to heat the school it is designed to meet strict ‘Passivhaus’ standards of rigorous standards for energy efficiency. The building is extremely well insulated in order to ensure it loses the minimum amount of heat from the walls, floor and roof. The external walls are 37cm thick. The building is also as airtight as possible in order to reduce air and heat leakage. All this insulation teamed with the triple glazing and heat recover systems mean that we have little need for additional heating. Our body heat, the heat from our kitchens and sunlight entering the school keep us at a constant temperature. The buildings also make use of any waste heat from systems such as lighting and electrical equipment. Through this, significantly less heating is required thus reducing carbon emissions significantly.

Our new school is reliant on the co-operation of all users of the school not to leave doors and windows open unnecessarily so that the building is kept at a comfortable temperature.

The school benefits from a mechanical ventilation system which recovers the heat from the air leaving the building by warming the air coming in. Air filters within the system provide significant filtration of particles from the incoming air. There is no air conditioning, In warmer months, large areas of the school revert to natural ventilation which supports natural cooling of the building.
This aerial view shows the old school building, which is now the playground and the area outside the front office. 

Construction began in June 2010. The field was cleared and levelled, since the school is in the flood plain of the river Exe the design raised the floor level of the school by 1 meter. Rather than digging foundations, the foundations, a large concrete raft, was built directly on the floor and the surrounding ground raised afterwards. This takes the school building above the flood plain.

The first construction works carried out in July 2010 saw a large concrete grid poured, this showed the size of the building for the first time and was the first layer of the ‘raft’. 

Before the raft was built, pipes for plumbing and electricity cables were laid. The raft was then made from creating moulds and filled with concrete. The large gaps in between this first layer was filled with soil. A waterproof liquid was painted all over the concrete before a thick layer of polystyrene was wrapped over the entire raft. This makes sure that the heat inside the finished building is not lost into the ground.

Next, a large metal grid of was installed over the top of the first layers of the raft. This reinforced the concrete that was then poured. The concrete was poured in the winter and needed to be smoothed out. The builders were very worried about the winter temperatures because if the concrete froze before it dried it would crumble. Sticking up from this grid was a series of metal rods. These had yellow protectors on them at first. These were where the walls of the building were joined onto. 

The raft was completed in January 2011 and took 6 months to complete.

The walls, first floor and roof were all built in Cheshire and delivered to the school on the back of special lorries. They came down the M5 and along the A30, they came in convoys every day and had to wait on the A30 outside Alphington until they were called to come to the school. A number of parking spaces on Brunswick road and Redvers road were removed for a year to allow the large lorries to drive down them. 

This is the first piece to arrive on January 10th at 3pm. This is the end door in Foundation, it was the first piece to be installed. A huge crane lifted the pieces into place at 4pm that day. By 9am the following morning the entire EYFS department was installed, the first classroom, the ground floor toilet and the stair well. The building was very quick to put together, the walls, first floor and roof were all in place in just 6 weeks!

Before the upstairs walls were installed, which counter balance the first floor, special props were installed. The tiny metal holes that anchored these into the floor can be seen all over the school. You can also see the metal reinforcing grid in a few places buried in the concrete and a few rogue footprints where the concrete was stepped on before it was fully dry. See if you can find them.

Waterproof membrane was installed, on the roof followed by a thick polystyrene insulation layer. After the solar panels were installed the roof was topped off with tonnes and tonnes of pebbles. These hold the insulation in place as well as the solar panels. This large photograph was taken on the 11th August 2011, the pebbles had not been installed yet. 

The final stages of construction, the electrics, plumbing and painting were completed in September 2011. The school had an extra 3 days closure for half term holiday so we could we move in in October 2011.
The school opened to pupils in October 2011, shortly after this the builders began taking down the old building.
We worked in the building for a year before it’s official opening on the 16th October 2012 by Mrs Pat Wotton and Mr Nigel Hughes, past Headteacher’s of Montgomery Primary attended the opening. 

The official opening of Montgomery Primary School
Tuesday 16th October 2012
by

HRH The Earl Of Wessex KG GCVO

We are delighted to welcome you to Montgomery Primary School this morning to join us in our official opening celebrations.

Programme of Events

9.35 Arrival of HRH The Earl Of Wessex KG GCVO
Introduced to Mr. Martyn Boxall, Headteacher and Mrs. Carol Buss, Chair of Governors

9.45 HRH The Earl Of Wessex KG GCVO, escorted on a tour of the school by Martyn Boxall

10.45 Opening Ceremony in the school hall

HRH The Earl of Wessex KG GCVO will be introduced to: 

Mr. Dale Walker Lead Architect
Mrs. Leo Critchlow Project Officer
Mr. James Turner Principal Contractor
Ms. Kathryn Lemin Previous Chair of Governors
Mrs. Sandra May Past pupil, past parent and current Administrator

10.47 Pupils will perform a song from ‘The Lion King’

10.50 Mrs Carol Buss, Chair of Governors, will invite HRH The Earl of Wessex KG 
GCVO to officially open the school
10.55 HRH The Earl of Wessex KG GCVO, will be escorted to awaiting cars

11.00 Following the departure of HRH The Earl of Wessex KG GCVO, guests are 
invited to take refreshments in the café or studio, prior to being taken on a tour of the building at 11.15
Mrs Vickery, welcomes Prince Edward with some children from EYFS.
Mr Boxall Introduces Prince Edward to Mrs Carol Buss, Chair of Governors.
The prince went on to officially open the school in an assembly, with the whole school and representatives from the builders, local authority and Devon County Council present. Prince Edward talked about how he though the building was amazing, and complimented the children and teachers on the work he had seen.

Following a celebration lunch, the children were entertained by clowns, entertainers and even took part in circus skills training. 
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